German business interests suffered in China and many coastal German expats still harbored pro-China sentiments. When the Japanese army seized the Chinese capital Nanjing, Hitler recalled the advisers. Imperial Japan’s rapid ascendance - as well as its ruthlessly militaristic style of government - impressed the Nazis, particularly Adolf Hitler and Herman Goering. Japan had, through industrialization and conquest, become a world power. Some Germans even participated directly in the 1937 Battle of Shanghai, which pitted the Chinese against Japanese invaders.Īt the same time, though, Berlin was also warming up to Tokyo. Several formed close bonds with their Chinese pupils. They trained officers and oversaw classes at military academies.
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The Germans taught Chiang how to organize his army for fighting communist guerrillas and rival warlords. Technically, all the German advisers were retired soldiers, working directly for the Chinese government as contractors -although in reality they still answered to the military brass in Berlin.
The Treaty of Versaille made it illegal for German troops to operate outside their own country.īut the Germans found a loophole. But German businessmen, academics and missionaries continued to work in China, particularly in the coastal cities of Shanghai and Canton.Īnd for a decade, German military men played a huge role in the evolution of Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek’s Nationalist Army.įrom 1928 to 1938, German military advisers helped train nationalist troops. There long had been Germans living in China - especially in the Kiautschou Bay concession, Germany’s colonial extension inside the Asian country.Īfter World War I, Germany lost all of its territory in China to Japan. German Federal Archive photos Germans in China At top and above - Hitler Youth in China in 1935.
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